Can A Healthy Person Get Swine Flu?
Can A Healthy Person Get Swine Flu?
For the most part my blogs tend to deal with more health and fitness type issues and not topics like ‘Can a healthy person get swine flu’, but being asked so many time by my personal training clients as well as friends and family members about the H1N1 virus, I felt it important to lay out the facts as we know it. Personally I don’t pay much attention to flu season. As a healthy young man in pretty good shape, the flu virus is not a life threatening concern. Swine flu, or as I prefer to call it- H1N1 virus is a bit of a different story.
As a father of five, including a newborn, it does raise some cause for concern as the flu season steadily approaches. I have never had, nor advocated flu vaccines at any time, as my lifestyle tends to not need to much in the way of medical interventions outside of the occasional acupuncture treatments that I would give myself. And while I am not yet fully convinced that vaccination is a be all and end all solution to the problem it does have me thinking as healthy persons in great shape can indeed contract H1N1 and in some cases with fatal consequences.
Being In Good Shape Is Not A Defense Against H1N1
In terms of actually contracting the flu, it is really simply a matter of being exposed to it. That happens from being in direct contact with someone that is infected, or coming into contact with the virus by touching something that has been contaminated by an infected individual. Being healthy really doesn’t apply here, it is a matter of exposure, where your defense can only be avoidance of infected individuals or really great hygenie practices, like hand washing. Both carry no guarantees unless you live in a bubble, as your level of health can affect the way in which your body responds to a virus- but not whether you can contract it or not.
My mantra for the uninsured has always been to keep yourself in as perfect health as is humanly possible since being in great shape does in most cases bring some prevention of serious disease, or in some cases, milder effects from serious disease and is certainly less costly than paying for extensive treatment. With the H1N1 virus however the typical at risk population isn’t only the very old and the very young, but instead young and healthy individuals seem to be at risk as well. The Bird Flu, (H5N1) has a similar profile and this because both viruses are very much new to the human immune system.
When the human body has no experience dealing with a virus it sets off a powerful defensive response. It is that defensive response that makes us feel really sick in the first place. A newborn or elderly person has a relatively weak immune system, which explains why they are usually the primary concerns in flu season, as they are the ones most likely to succumb to complications due to the flu. Interestingly enough, with both babies and the elderly their immune response to the flu virus is a pretty weak one. Infants don’t have much of a developed system while older adults have systems that have been exposed to many viral strains and can be somewhat weakened over the years and thus have a limited response as well. So if both groups have such small responses, why are they the ones with the most fatalities? The problem for these two populations stem from complications from what are called opportunistic infections. Infections such as pneumonia that seize the opportunity to spread after the host has had their immune systems compromised by the flu virus, and this can in many cases be fatal.
The Problem With Healthy People and The H1N1 Virus
The problem with healthy people and new flu viruses is that when their bodies are faced with an unknown virus, it can some cases trigger a disproportionate response called a “cytokine storm” or hypercytokinemia. During the 1918 flu epidemic, which killed millions, many of whom were indeed young and otherwise healthy adults, the reason for this occurrence was attributed to this same overreaction on the part of the immune system.1 Cytokine storms as well were believed to be the cause of many of the deaths from the 2003 SARS outbreak as well.2
A ‘cytokinetic storm’ is characterized by an overreaction by our immune cells to a new and unknown flu virus, to the point where it proceeds to attack the healthy organs of the body. As a result, individuals aged 15 to 60 can also be devastated by the H1N1 virus or any other new viral infection. So far there is some debate as to whether cytokine storms are responsible for the deaths of younger people at this point. Some suggest that it is indeed as a result of cytokine storms, while the CDC so far has said that more data would be required to make that assessment.3 However the reports of healthy middle aged individuals succumbing to the virus has raised more questions than answers.
Can The H1N1 Virus Be Treated?
One of the problems with a excessive cytokine activity is that it can very disrupt the central nervous system and cause major respiration problems. In extreme cases the treatment is usually to put the patient on a s breathing machine- while their body copes with the virus. Unfortunately the worries that most health experts are having comes from the very small number of such machines in hospitals and that there is simply not enough to deal with a full scale epidemic. There are antiviral drugs available that when taken at the onset of infection can reduce the severity of the symptoms, but have limitations in terms of when they must be administered. So what is the answer to the H1N1?
Is The H1N1 Vaccine the answer?
As I said before, normally I stay away from the idea of flu vaccines completely. I worked with HIV/AIDS and formerly homeless population s for the past 14 years and every year we would administer the yearly flu vaccines. It was available to me as well, but I never took it, for two reasons: number 1 I dislike putting anything in my body unless absolutely necessary my drug free policy extends to all drugs unless it is an immediate matter of life and death and number 2: None of the nurses administering the vaccines ever took the injections themselves. It is always a hit and miss- every year the Center for Disease Control makes an educated guess as to what the seasonal flu will be, and creates a vaccine from the cells of the dead virus.
This time, they are a bit more certain that the H1N1 virus could be a problem and are mandating some health care workers and teachers to be vaccinated less they lose their jobs. I have given the speech for years- the vaccine cannot give you the flu- and am not particularly troubled by it, I would just rather not have to have a vaccine unless it was absolutely necessary. However the vaccine is the most effective tool against the spread of the virus outside of having us all encased in bubble wrap for the flu season.
I hope that this turns out to be a big scare that never materializes like so many other media blitzes, and so far the virus has not increased its mortality rate and has not grown into the widespread killer that so many expected earlier on. Hysteria aside it does help to know the facts so you can make an educated decision as to what you should do. In the meanwhile keep your hands clean, stay away from anyone that might be sick, and keep eating well and exercising. After all, there are still many other flu viruses that you could pick up this season, and it does help to be in good shape if you do. Excelsior.
Disclaimer: All information in this article is for informational purposes only and is not to be used as a subsitute for medical advice.
References:
1. Osterholm, Michael T. (2005-05-05). “Preparing for the Next Pandemic”. The New England Journal of Medicine
2. Huang KJ, Su IJ, Theron M, Wu YC, Lai SK, Liu CC, Lei HY (February 2005). “An interferon-gamma-related cytokine storm in SARS patients”. Journal of Medical Virology
3. “Interim Guidance for Clinicians on Identifying and Caring for Patients with Swine-origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection”. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2009-04-29. http://www.cdc.gov/swineflu/identifyingpatients.htm.
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