Top 10 Health & Fitness Articles Of 2011

In 2011 over a quarter of a million people read our blog articles as it has become more and more popular over the past several months. In this posting we take a look at the top ten most popular health and fitness articles posted in 2011. To determine popularity we looked not only at the number of ‘Likes’ and ‘Tweets’ but also factored in the number of readers and reader response. Hopefully some of your favorites made it into the final top ten list and I am sure that you will find a few other gems that you may have missed! Thanks again for the continued support!

Top 10 Health & Fitness Articles of 2011

10. The Anti-Aging Properties Of Weight Training & Resistance Exercise

A detailed look at how our body ages on a cellular  level and how weight training and resistance exercise can play a significant role in maintaining quality of life as you get older. You can read the article in its entirety here.

9. Sweating Has Nothing to Do With Losing Fat

Getting a good sweat is thought of as the key to a good fat burning workout, however sweating has nothing to do with fat loss and is a poor indicator of how much fat you are burning while training or doing any physical activity. Read the article in its entirety here.

8. Tongol Tuna- A Safe Real Food Choice

I started writing about the benefits of tongol tuna several years ago and in this article we go over the problem of mercury in fish and the role of tongol tuna as a lower mercury alternative to traditional albacore tuna. You can read the article in its entirety here.

7. Six Pack Abs- It’s Not What You Do- It’s What & How You Eat

The quest of six pack abdominals has become the Holy Grail for many as the ultimate goal of their diet and exercise program. Unfortunately a surge of exercise products and services have sprung up over the years offering consumers much in the way of false hope by promoting various exercises as the way to a chiseled midsection. As lucrative as these products may be they not only don’t work, but distract us from the reality that a six pack comes from what and how you eat more than what type of exercises you do. You can read the article in its entirety here.

6. Multi-Vitamins & Vitamin Supplements Do More Harm Than Good

Multi-vitamins have long been thought of as a must have for anyone serious about their health. However hundreds of studies show that not only are multi-vitamins unnecessary for a population that is not clinically deficient in any major nutrient, but that they may actually increase the likelihood of certain diseases. If you take multi-vitamins or any vitamin supplement this is an article that you owe it to yourself to read.  You can read the article in its entirety here.

5. The Economics Of Obesity- Why The Food Industry Needs Us to Overeat

One of the biggest problems we face in the fight against obesity and growing diet related problems is the fact that the government plays a key role in supporting and promoting the food industries that make the very foods that we ought to avoid. In this in depth two part article we take a look at how the industry makes us eat more and how important overeating has become for the sustainability of the American economy as we know it. A must read for anyone interested in the behind the scenes machinery that allows corporations to wreak havoc with public health. You can read the article in its entirety here.

4. Can Bread Make You Gain Weight?

There is a common belief that bread will make you gain weight but the truth is that if you eat anything more than you should you’ll put some extra pounds on. In this article we take a look at the history of one of our oldest foods and debunk some of the myths about bread while showing the major differences between what we eat today and the bread that sustained our forefathers. You can read the article in its entirety here.

3. How Do Muscles Get Bigger And Stronger?

While many slave away at the gym in the quest for bigger and stronger muscles, few take the time to understand the mechanisms by which our muscles grow. In this comprehensive piece we take a look at our body’s response to stress, how it translates into improvements in our physiques and our performance and why training less is best. You can read the article in its entirety here.

2. Rethinking The Need For Cardio- Why Aerobics Don’t Work Well For Fat Loss

Aerobic type exercise is without question the most popular fitness activity for those bent on losing weight- however numerous studies and an understanding of the physiology of how our cardiovascular and muscular systems interact show that it isn’t the most effect form of exercise if weight loss is your ultimate goal. You can read the article in its entirety here.

1. Are Protein Shakes Bad For You?

The most popular article of the 2011 is about the now ubiquitous protein shake. While a staple in the dietary regime of almost all gym goers there is yet no real evidence that protein shakes actually help increase muscle mass or improve performance. In fact, evidence suggests that they might not necessarily be a good choice for someone interested in getting into peak shape. You can read the article in its entirety here.

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Celebrity NYC personal trainer Kevin Richardson is the creator of Naturally Intense High Intensity Training and one of the most sought after personal trainers in New York City. Get a copy of his free weight loss e-book here. You can contact Kevin at 1-800-798-8420.

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How To Stay On Your Diet During The Holiday- 5 Useful Tips

Every year we struggle with the seemingly Herculean task of staying on our diet during Thanksgiving and the holidays that follow. The holidays are a great time to be with friends and family- but as many of you can attest, family and friends can often be the motivating factor to you not eating as you should. Some simply will not stand for you not indulging in all the not-so-good-for-you holiday treats and will insist that you partake fully in the eating frenzy! This added to the pressure of having an enormous amount of great tasting food in front of you makes it all too easy to lose your sense of moderation, but if you follow some simple steps you can indeed stay on your diet during the holidays. I have been commended over the years (and yelled at on numerous occasions!) for never wavering on my diet, no matter what the occasion or how tempting the foods may be. As ego gratifying as it  might be to lay claim to a superhuman degree of discipline and self control the reality of how I stay on my diet during the holidays (and all year round) has less to do with self control and discipline and more with  using a set of tried and true practical skills. Skills that I learned after failing miserably at staying on my diet just like everyone else for many years. Eating consistently well isn’t rocket science, but without the proper tools it can indeed seem as insurmountable a task as landing a man on Mars. That being said here are five battle tested strategies that have helped me and the hundreds of people who I have been privileged to work with stay on their diets during the holidays and throughout the year.

How To Stay On Your Diet During The Holidays- Tip 1: Fill Up Before The Festivities

On the day of a holiday meal nothing is more critical to ensuring your moderation than filling yourself up long before the festivities begin. A big breakfast with high fiber foods like oatmeal (the real stuff not the instant kind), fruit and lean protein sources like egg whites are the perfect way to start your day! After a fast of several hours our bodies are designed to absorb and use the most nutrients at this time of the day. Failure to eat well at breakfast time puts you in a bit of a nutrient deficit. One that grows and grows as the day advances culminating in major food cravings later in the day. That being said on a day where you are expect to have a large meal like eating a hearty breakfast will go a long way in reducing the amount of food that you will eat. so be sure to start the day right! (You can download my free ebook on healthy breakfast choices here!)

How To Stay On Your Diet During The Holidays- Tip 2: Drink Lots Of Water

It is such a simple trick that it is often overlooked. A large glass of water right before digging in to a big meal will go a long way to filling you up and reducing the amount of food that will can eat. Equally important is making the choice to have water as your only beverage rather than juice or alcohol. Consider for a minute that alcohol contains seven calories per gram and that it is broken down by your liver in such a way that promotes the storage of fat around your internal organs and you can clearly see that zero calorie water is a better choice. Juices don’t fare any better as they are not only unnatural but loaded with liquid calories that are just too easy to go overboard with. (Read more about juices and the impact it can have on you gaining weight here). Having water with your meals is an invaluable way to keep the extra pounds off, so be sure to fill your glass during the holidays and afterwards!

How To Stay On Your Diet During The Holidays- Tip 3: Follow The Rule Of Thirds

My rule of thirds is an easy way to always keep your eating in check and works especially well to help you stay on your diet not only for the holidays, but all year round. The rule is:

Always eat a serving 1/3 less than what you would normally eat and always keep 1/3 of your stomach empty at all times.

A simple tenet,  but a powerful way to keep yourself in control of your eating habits at all times- and it is easy to remember and put into practice! Eating to the point of feeling like an over inflated car tire isn’t healthy nor should it ever be the goal of a holiday meal regardless of the occasion. Studies have shown time and time again how difficult it is for us to estimate our calorie intake, but by using the rule of thirds you have a practical way to enjoy your foods without overdoing it. Unfortunately, it doesn’t take that many calories over what your body actually needs for you to start gaining weight, so you have to be diligent about your food intake at all times. Besides, is it really comforting to feel yourself bursting at the seams? I think not!

How To Stay On Your Diet During The Holidays Tip 4: Eat Slowly
My mother was right. Eating slowly is an extremely effective way to reduce the likelihood of overeating. Studies show that the faster you eat the more likely you are to eat more than you should. It takes a while for our brain to get the signal to stop eating- our bodies secrete hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY that help us feel filled and satisfied but it takes a while before it takes full effect. So if you eat too fast you’ll get the message to stop eating long after you should have already stopped, so slowing down is an important tool in the fight against overeating. You also enjoy your foods far better if you eat slowly and it is better for your digestion. My trick is to use the great conversation that you can have at a dinner table as a way to extend the time it takes you to eat. That way you are less likely to overeat and you will also have a good time enjoying the company of those around you! Remember- healthy eating is about enjoying your food and your life- it isn’t about being Spartan. For a more detailed explanation on how eating slowly can help you stay on your diet check out my article on eating slowly here.

How To Stay On Your Diet During The Holidays- Tip 5: Team Up

The hardest part of eating well for Thanksgiving, any holiday or family and friend gatherings isn’t always the food; it’s the pressure you feel from others to eat the food! We are hardwired as group animals to follow others and at mealtime it can be a real issue when you are not taking part in what everyone else is eating. For me growing up in the islands staying on my diet around the holidays was always excruciating until I realized I should use the same peer pressure dynamic to my advantage. How do you do that? There are two ways:

Step 1. The Easy Way:

The easiest way is to get someone else who is also trying to eat healthy to accompany you at the Thanksgiving meal or any big get together that involves food. It could be a friend, family member or love one but you both have to agree on supporting each other and have similar goals. It makes a huge difference!  By having someone at your side you won’t feel as isolated when you don’t eat what everyone else is eating and you’ll have someone to back you up if the pressure starts to build. By supporting them you will also reinforce your own position and quite often others in the group may come around and see the value in your choices.

Step 2. The Hard Way:

The other way is to recruit family, friends and people around you to help you stay on the right path during the holidays. People are very interesting beings in that if you say that you’re on a diet for health reasons, hardly anyone is going to take you seriously and they’ll keep on doing everything in their power to entice you to eat the foods that you shouldn’t. However if you said you entered a contest where you’ll win $1,000 if you lose ten pounds in two months and that needed everyone’s help to stay on track- you’d be surprised how eager people can be to lend their support (just don’t promise to share the profits!) I think it makes it easier for people to relate as the healthy lifestyle approach just doesn’t cut it. When I was younger at a big food gathering I would announce that I had a major bodybuilding contest or photo shoot coming up and that my career depended on my doing well (which was always true). The response was usually overwhelming- with some of my friends going so far as to inform everyone that I was really important that I stayed on my diet and to look out for me to make sure that I didn’t slip! The support was invaluable to me over the years and to this day my friends would leap across the room to stop me from eating a piece of cake as they know the way I look and the way I live is an important factor in my credibility as a personal trainer and health and fitness writer. I don’t see myself ever going for that piece of cake, but it is nice to know that if I did my friends and family would be there to stage an intervention! Having a family that takes eating well as seriously as I do makes my life much easier as well! So do your best to get others involved. Not only will it make you feel better but it also gives them a chance to feel good about helping you! Have a Happy Thanksgiving and Happy Holidays!!!!

 
Kevin Richardson is an award winning health and fitness writer, one of the most sought after personal trainers in New York City and creator of Naturally Intense High Intensity Training™. Get a copy of his free weight loss ebook here. If you live in the New York metropolitan area and need help losing weight or taking your body to the next level give Kevin and his team a call at 1-800-798-8420 or click here to get started with 50% off your trial personal training session.

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Post tags: diet, diet tips, eating tips, fat loss, health tips, healthy eating

Preface:

I grew up in Trinidad, an island in the West Indies were there was a significant number of homeless individuals living on the streets. So much so that they were a constant presence in the more urban areas of the island. As varied as they were in age and in circumstances which lead them to a life on the street, there was one striking physical aspect that they all shared- namely that almost every one of them had a remarkably defined six pack. They weren’t the only group of people who seemed somehow blessed with rippling midsections as those who chose to live off the land in the hills as a rule were similarly blessed with deeply etched abdominals. These people had never done a sit up, didn’t know what a crunch was, never used an Abdominizer or any other newfangled ab machine nor did they even know what a fat burner was. Perhaps, like the native people of everywhere from Papua, New Guinea to the Amazon Basin they didn’t realize that these things were a prerequisite to having a six pack. Or perhaps most of what you read about getting a six pack has little to do with actually achieving it.  In this updated article, I do my best to discount the myths surrounding getting a six pack- most of which revolve on making you buy a product or service of some sort or promote unhealthy eating practices that create temporary solutions at best. I will preface the article with a caveat that what it takes to get a six pack isn’t impossible nor does it have to cost you anything- but it does require commitment, dedication and time. Thanks as always for reading.

Six Pack Abs-Why What You Eat & How Much You Eat Is More Important Than The Exercises

Over the past two decades of my career as both a personal trainer and a natural bodybuilder the most common question that I have been asked is how do you go about getting a six pack. You can get many different answers from many different people but I have always found it interesting that many of the self appointed fitness gurus giving the advice don’t sport a six pack themselves. Some may have a picture or two of what they looked like when they did have a six pack, but the photos are usually pretty dated or document the way they looked for a very brief period of time when preparing for a bodybuilding contest or photo shoot. As great an accomplishment as this may be, it in no way reflects what they look like all year round and few members of the general public are interested in only having a six pack for two or three weeks out of the year. The popular ninety day extreme exercise and diet video series promise a six pack within a very short time period, but as those who have done such programs can attest- you’ll regain the weight and lose whatever semblance of a six pack you gained within an equally short period of time.

The widespread use of steroids, thyroid medications, insulin, human growth hormone and other such drugs also makes it hard to find credible role models. Non natural bodybuilders, fitness models, figure competitors, bikini competitors, celebrities and many personal trainers rely on drugs for their coveted washboard midsections and it is disturbing to note the number of recreational users who risk their health with these drugs simply to look good for the summer. It is a sad blow to the fitness industry as it creates a culture of trainers who have no experience getting into shape without using drugs and thus are unable to help anyone else do the same. Add to this the babel of infomercials hawking the latest ‘scientifically proven’ ab machines and exercises and you can easily find yourself lost, confused and someone lighter in the wallet in your quest to see your abdominal muscles. That being said, it is very possible to have a six pack and keep it all year round, regardless of body type but it does take work and it won’t happen overnight.

Six Pack Abs As An Effective Marketing Tool

The allure of six pack abs is a powerful tool for getting you to buy everything from supplements to exercise machinesstuff

You turn on the television and something in you wants to believe them. The well sculpted models using some new fangled invention that they swear will get you a six pack within a matter of weeks. Perhaps summer is coming or you are just tired of not seeing what you want in the mirror and so you buy the machine, using it faithfully just as they did on the infomercials- and yet nothing happens. Your belly remains just that- a belly. It doesn’t transform into a chiseled work of art and you can’t understand why. Undaunted, but a bit lighter in the purse, you go to the gym. You just want to get your abdominals looking sharp and all the gym advertisements are filled with beautifully built people with the midsections of a Greek gods. Given how great they look, it should only be a matter of time until that membership pays off and you’ll look just like them. You do everything you read about- thousands of crunches, sit ups and leg raises. You hit every ab machine in the gym every day you are there, take every ab class and put in your time doing cardio to burn off the fat. At first you fell that you are making progress, you feel the burn when you train and are confident that the six pack of your dreams are just around the bend. But nothing happens. All that has happened is that you have spent good money on machines you don’t use and a gym membership that is becoming more and more of a reminder of how hopeless your quest has become.

The weeks turn into months and the months turn into years, and still those blocks in your stomach remain elusive. So you decide to do more. You train longer and you do more exercises for your abdominal muscles, perhaps training them every day. Maybe even twice a day, yet your midsection still looks more like a spare tire rather than a carved piece of granite. What could be the problem? Why can’t you get the same abdominal definition as the people in the magazines? Why is there still a layer of fat where rippling muscles should be after all of your hard work? The answer has nothing to do with six packs and everything to do with economics.

Unless you were one of the fortunate few who had an accomplished mentor to steer you in the right direction from day one, you probably got most of your information on getting a six pack from television, books, magazines, or the Internet. However it is important to reflect on what these sources have to gain by your heeding their advice. From the eye catching before and after pictures to the authoritative pitches by celebrities and fitness gurus there is usually one common denominator behind it all and that is profit.

6 Pack Abs Are A Multi-Million Dollar Industry

The quest for six pack abs make people throw away significant sums of money on things that don't work or provide only fleeting results.

There is a very useful Latin phrase, ‘cui bono?’ which translates as ‘who stands to gain?’ – and this is precisely the question you should be asking when confronted by any information on how to get your abs to show. There are always new and improved machines and new and improved exercise programs, all sold by well muscled trainers, athletes and celebrities and there will always be new ones coming out of the woodwork. The math is pretty simple- these programs, routines, exercises, extreme diets and classes aren’t going to produce an army of six pack sporting citizens, but rather a slew of frustrated individuals. Individuals who are not going to lay the blame on the machine/diet/DVD or trainer for failing, but who instead will place the blame squarely on themselves. Disheartened and filled with a sense of failure, they thus become the perfect consumers for another round of products and services- in the hope that this one will finally help them break through and get them a six pack. It is a cyclic system that sells you hope but not much of anything else and it works as long as the general public remains confused and unsure about what they need to do to get into shape.

Today in our society people want results and they want it now- a microwave mentality that applies not only to how people approach matters of health and fitness, but also just about every facet of modern life. If people want something, they want it now and you are willing to pay for it, a weakness that the fitness industry and media use to their advantage. People will always buy that fitness magazine because they are certain that if you do the same ‘secret exercises’ that the celebrity/athlete/model/bodybuilder is doing, you will eventually look like them.

People will always tune in to that special report on the new way to lose inches off of your midsection. News programs have devolved mostly into thinly disguised forms of entertainment, where ratings take precedence over the reporting of credible information, ratings that help them sell advertisement time at higher prices, which thus net the networks higher profits. In the final analysis, most of the information you come across about getting a six pack comes with a vested interest in making a profit and not some altruistic and compassionate desire to help you realize your goal. Unfortunately you can’t make much in the way of profit with the principles that are really needed to get a six pack. There is no instant gratification and it doesn’t come with a need for fancy machines, DVDs, supplements, books or magazines. Most importantly, you can do it without spending the better part of your life doing abdominal exercises.

The Reality Of  Six Pack Abs- Proper Diet & Exercise

Everyone already has a six pack, it's simply a matter of reducing bodyfat to a point where it can be seen.

So how do you get abs? Well, for starters you already have them. Like the story of the fish that spends it’s life searching for water, most of us fail to realize that every human being already has a six pack- whether you can see them prominently or not. There are four main abdominal muscles, the transversus abdominus – which is the deepest muscle layer and it works to help stabilize the trunk and maintain internal abdominal pressure. The rectus abdominus – slung between the ribs and the pubic bone at the front of the pelvis. This muscle has the characteristic bumps and bulges that are commonly referred to as ‘the six pack’ and everyone has them. There is also the external oblique muscles which flank the rectus abdominus and allow the trunk to twist and then there are the internal oblique muscles which also flank the rectus abdominus and operate in the opposite way to the external oblique muscles.

So if everyone has these abdominal muscles, one might ask why some have a six pack that you can see and others do not- the answer is simply a matter of body fat. Most men have a body fat percentage of around 15% to 18% and most women have an average body fat level of about 22% to 25%. Now even at these levels (which are  quite low for most of the general population) most people would have a layer of fat around their midsection that would hide their abdominal muscles. The muscles are always there, and all you really need to do is to reduce your body fat to levels where you can see them. Athletes typically have lower body fat percentages due to their increased activity levels.

Where your fat stores are and how high your body fat percentage is will determine how long it will take you to have a six pack. Some people with relatively high body fat percentages but with naturally low fat deposits in the stomach area can have a fairly visible six packs, while others need to reduce their body fat percentages to the single digits before they can see theirs. So how do you go about reducing your body fat in a way that doesn’t yield only fleeting results? The natural way to do it is simply a combination of:
PROPER DIET, HIGH INTENSITY WEIGHT TRAINING AND TIME.

This six pack wasn't built overnight and it took serious weight training to acheive it.

That’s one tried and true way of doing it and one that I have seen work without fail. No magic machines, no magic pills, no DVD’s and most certainly no special exercises or even cardio. I can say so with some authority since for the past 23 years I haven’t done that much in the way of  crunches, sit ups and the like after my tenth year and I never did any cardio- nor did any of my clients. When I did train my abs in the early years of my career it was never more than two exercises for a total of six sets, which took no more than three to five minutes to complete. As a natural bodybuilder I was told very early on that you rely on diet only to get into shape and not cardio- as too much in the way of muscle mass is always lost in the process and because it doesn’t really work. (Read more about cardio as an ineffective method for fat loss here.) In fact during the height of my bodybuilding career I didn’t do anything for my abs and still won shows and almost every photograph of me in circulation is what I look like having not done any direct ab work for over a decade. I’m not a genetic freak by any stretch, I never used drugs, nor am I possessed of a special body type that allows me to get away with doing so little as I have been able to replicate the same results with my clients who competed successfully in fitness, figure and bodybuilding competitions- regardless of their initial body type- and without doing any cardio or hours of ab exercises. It’s not what the fitness industry wants you to hear, but it’s the truth and isn’t thanks to anything but a consistently clean diet and intense weight training.

Everyone Has Six Pack Abs- Somewhere

In my workout DVD which was filmed to document my training philosophy and show what you could do without having to resort to drugs or supplements, there are no shots of me training my abdominals. I was asked on many occasions why I didn’t include a segment on abdominal training and the reason that I didn’t is because I did not in any way want to mislead the public.  Throughout my career I have strived to be as honest and upfront as possible (sometimes to my detriment one might add) and the last thing that I wanted was for people to think that if they trained their abs the way I did that they would get similar results as nothing could be further from the truth. It’s a combination of my years of careful attention to what and how much I eat, the fat burning effect of the brief high intensity training routine that I have followed religiously for the past 21 years and the metabolically active muscle mass that I have gained over my 23 years of training. That’s what keeps me in shape all year round and nothing else.

If It Won’t Give Me Six Pack Abs Do You Need To Do Ab Exercises?

Do you need abdominal exercises for a six pack? Not exactly, but you should do them anyway.

Now make no mistake- there is indeed a need to train your abdominal muscles- as it helps stabilize your entire body and such exercises are indeed recommended for everyone starting a training routine. However, your abdominal muscles get a serious workout during almost any weight training exercise and very much so if you train as hard and as heavy as I do at this point in my career using primarily compound movements. Thus I don’t need to do much in the way of direct ab exercises as they are hit pretty hard as a result of my high intensity training routine. That being said, your abdominals are muscles like anything else and training them every day with hundreds of repetitions won’t do much in terms of getting them to be as strong as possible and can result in overdevelopment. Take a look at the bodybuilders who have blocky abdominal muscles as a result of years of weighted abdominal exercises and or drug use. It might look impressive when they flex them, but otherwise those muscles protrude and give a rather pot bellied appearance. Big and thick abs don’t look too great in a T-shirt, and doesn’t present much in the way of a balanced and aesthetically pleasing physique.
The problem is that once you over develop your abdominal muscles by doing too much, it isn’t that easy- if at all possible to reverse it and you are stuck with a thick waist- which I doubt is the goal of those who train their abs day in and day out. Now the muscle tension created by training your abs several times a week makes you FEEL like your abs are tighter- but like any muscle the more you train them won’t necessarily make them any stronger or better developed. If anything it can actually hinder your overall progress (read more about how muscles get stronger here). As for ‘core strength’- time spent on an exercise ball will never give you the strength you can gain from a high intensity training program. High intensity weight training can make your core muscles strong enough to enable you to lift a car- which is a far cry from what you could do on your best day if you relied only on the modern incarnation of ‘core exercises.’ It won’t give you a six pack either.

Six Pack Abs Comes From Diet & Exercise

Now training your abdominal muscles can help make them bigger- but it can’t burn off the layer of fat that obscures them. That comes from a clean diet and ensuring that you don’t overeat. Any exercise claiming that it can spot reduce the fat around your stomach is as credible as killing chickens and painting yourself blue under a full moon to make it rain the next day. Muscle and fat are two completely different types of tissue thus an abdominal exercise will do nothing to reduce your waistline.

One or no more than two abdominal exercises done once a week at reasonable intensity is more than enough for 99% of the general population. Nevertheless, you can do ab  exercises until the cows come home but  it won’t do anything if your diet isn’t on point. I would honestly say that diet is 80% of the equation if your goal of a six pack. How you train creates the potential for your body to change but it’s what you eat that will determine how much you will change.

The Importance Of Diet For Six Pack Abs

What type of diet do you need to follow if a six pack is your ultimate goal? It’s a diet consisting exclusively of foods that have been part of the human diet for the past 150,000 years and one where you don’t overeat. That means no processed foods, (and that includes protein shakes- which you should avoid if you seriously want a six pack- read my article here) no added salt or sugars, no alcohol, juices or junk food of any kind. It isn’t as Spartan as one might think as it is absurd to believe that you need processed foods and alcohol to enjoy life. Humans have done it for millennia and back then most of them had that same six pack that today so many struggle to attain. Your great-great grandparents enjoyed their food, and most likely ate far less than you do today. It didn’t kill them, but on the contrary probably allowed them a better quality of life in terms of robust health.

In terms of exercise- you need to also incorporate weight training of a sufficient intensity to both increase your muscle mass which will also help you burn off the excess body fat in a manner that leads to sustainable and lasting results. So forget about doing high reps in the hopes of doing anything but wasting your time. For your body to change their must be some degree of overload and you can learn more about how this mechanism works in my article here.

Now paying attention to your diet over a long period of time in combination with a sensible exercise regiment isn’t going to give you any instant gratification. Attention to diet requires a lifetime of consideration, patience and discipline. Traits that don’t lend themselves to today’s microwave mentality but are nonetheless very much what it takes to get in shape and stay in shape. After all, it’s only logical that if it took you years to put on that layer of fat that obscures your stomach, it wouldn’t be realistic to expect it to go away in a couple of weeks. There are legitimate reasons to work your abdominal muscles directly, and that is to strengthen the muscles that support the trunk and allow for movement. These muscles also help support your lower back, so training them is not just a cosmetic undertaking. I hope this article help clear up some of the misconceptions around abdominal training, and I wish you all the best in your quest for six pack abs!

Related Articles

Should Women Weight Train Like Men

Does Aerobics Work- Rethinking The Need For Cardio

How Muscles Get Bigger & Stronger

How To Build Your Lower Abs

High Intensity Workouts & Fat Loss

Kevin Richardson is an award winning fitness writer, one of the most sought after personal trainers in New York City and the creator of Naturally Intense High Intensity Training^TM. Get a copy of his free weight loss ebook here. If you live in the New York City metropolitan area and need help losing weight or getting into cover model shape, give Kevin and his team a call at 1-800-798-8420.

Sign up for our Email Newsletter

Nominate Kevin Richardson for a social media award in the Shorty Awards

© KevinRichardson for Naturally Intense High Intensity Personal Training™ Blog, 2011. | Permalink | One comment | Add to del.icio.us
Post tags: 10 minute workouts, abdominals, abs, diet, exercise, fat loss, flat stomach, high intensity training, junk foods, training, training tip, weight loss, weight training

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70 to 89%- You know your stuff, but could do with a little brushing up on your diet and exercise knowledge.
50% to 69%- You passed, but just barely. Lot’s of catching up to do.
49% or less- You didn’t pass, but don’t despair, keep reading our blogs and articles and be sure to follow Kevin on Twitter for daily fitness updates and you’ll be up to scratch in no time!

The answers:

1. Someone who is overweight has a slower metabolism than someone with a healthy body weight.

False- The heavier you are the faster your metabolism will be- read more here

2. An apple really has 70,000 calories.

True. Strictly speaking an apple has 70,000 calories- since the energy content of food is measured in kilocalories which is one thousand calories. Confused? Read my article on understanding calories here.

3. If you follow a proper diet you can lose 10 lbs of fat in 1 week.

False- it’s mathematically  impossible if you are eating any food at all to lose that much fat in a week given the fact that you need to expend 36000 kcals for every 1 pound of fat. Read more here.

4. As little as 40 kilocalories over your daily energy requirements can lead to a weight gain of over 40 lbs in ten years.

Sad but true. A small intake over what your body really needs creates the silent, cumulative weight gain that seems to sneak up on you over the years – read more here.

5. Regular Snapple juices have less sugar than Coca Cola

False. Regular Snapple drinks have more sugar than an equal amount of Coca Cola even though it is marketed as a healthier alternative to sodas. Check out Kevin’s Twitter and Facebook updates for daily health tips!

6. When eating at a restaurant anything labeled ‘Crispy’ is fine to eat as a healthier choice.

False. The word ‘crispy’ is code for fried. Read more in our guide to healthy restaurant eating here.

7. Oats contain gluten.

False, pure oats do not contain gluten proteins. Read more on oats and gluten here.

8. Cane sugar is healthier than corn syrup.

False, several notable health organizations have affirmed that there is no distinction that should be made between the two in terms of health risk when consumption is immoderate. Read more here.

9. Weight training can’t protect you from bone loss over time.

False. It does and you can read more about the mechanisms of increasing bone density through resistance exercise here.

10. Feeling guilty after eating junk food can help you not eat it again.

False. The more you think about a food you ate the more likely you are to continue eating it. Read more about how guilt can sabotage your diet here.

11. Multi-vitamins have been conclusively proven to make you healthier.

False. Every study on the matter has found no health benefit to those without significant vitamin deficiencies (which contrary to popular belief if almost non-existent in developed countries). Read more about it here.

12. Soil today has 50% less of the nutrients it had 50 years ago and so do the fruits and vegetables grown in them.

False. While there is some reduction in soil nutrients over time, the amounts found in produce isn’t significantly lower, nor does it justify the use of vitamin supplementation. Read more here.

13. When you buy fruits and vegetables the growers get get as much as 50-60% of the profits.

False. Farmers get as little as 4% of the profit at times for produce- a figure that is far higher for those who raise animal stocks. That’s one of the reasons fruits and vegetables aren’t promoted as much as meat and high profit junk foods- the profit margins are simply too low. Read more about the economics behind the food that you eat here.

14. It is the interest of the US economy for you to eat more of the foods that aren’t good for you.

True. The food industry not only generates over 8% of the U.S. GDP with a trillion dollars in annual sales, but it also employs 12% of working Americans. Given these figures it isn’t surprising that government programs are in place to support their marketing  strategies to get you to eat more. Read more here.

15. Eating foods with added Omega 3 fats can improve your health.

False. Studies have shown this to not all be the case. Read more on how adding omega 3 fats to products do little to help anything but profit margins here.

16. Fasting is a great way to detoxify your body.

False and the only way to give your body a break from foods you believe to be toxic is to not eat those foods in the first place. Read more here on fasting and what it can and cannot do.

17. Aerobic exercise is essential for building endurance, losing body fat and working your heart.

False. It’s not the only way as studies have shown that you can increase endurance, lose body fat and get a significant improvement in cardiovascular efficiency from high intensity resistance training alone. Read how you can get fit in less time here.

18. Early man did not eat bread during the Paleolithic era and thus it is not a natural part of our diet.

False. Recent archeological digs in Italy, Russia and the Czech Republic have revealed the use of flat breads dating back as far as 30,000 years ago into what is commonly called the Paleolithic era. Read more about bread and its role in weight gain here.

19. Protein shakes are just as good as solid foods for your protein needs.

False. Contrary to marketing that masquerades as science, protein shakes are not only unnatural and highly processed products, but they can actually make you gain body fat. Read more here.

20. Tongol tuna is a better choice because it has lower mercury levels than regular tuna.

True. It’s a smaller fish and thus is lower in methyl-mercury. Read more about tongol tuna here.

21. The longer and more often you train the bigger and stronger your muscles will become.

False. Without continued overload to the point that stimulates an adaptive response, after becoming accustomed to the stimulus your muscles will have no reason to get bigger or stronger. It’s not always how much you do, it’s how you do it. Read more about how muscles get bigger and stronger here.

22. Eating for  your blood type is a proven way to ensure that you eat what is best for your body.

False. There is no science behind the idea that blood type has anything to do with food intake. Read more about the misinformation behind blood type diet theory here.

23. A drink or two a week won’t make a difference in your weight loss efforts.

False. Alcohol goes a long way in stopping your efforts to lose body fat. Read more about drinking and weight loss here.

24. Carbohydrates can make some people gain weight faster than anything else.

False. Any food, be it a protein, carbohydrate or fat consumed in quantities exceeding the caloric requirements of your body will make you gain weight. Fats, with a caloric value of 9 kcals per gram are actually more likely to make you gain weight as they have more calories than carbohydrates which have 7 calories per gram, but all things being equal eating anything more than you should will make you gain weight. Regardless of genetics. Read more about calories here and read more about the lack of evidence supporting a genetic link to modern obesity here.

25. The simplest way to eat well is to eat foods in as natural a form as possible with some degree of moderation.

True. The more unnatural a product is, the more likely it may not be the best decision for you to eat it. Read more by following updates on my Twitter account here.

Thanks for taking the test!

Kevin Richardson is an award winning fitness writer, one of the most sought after personal trainers in New York City and the creator of Naturally Intense High Intensity Training^TM. Get a copy of his free weight loss ebook here. If you live in the New York metropolitan area and need help losing weight or toning up and taking your body to the next level with a time saving and practical system of diet and exercise, give Kevin and his team a call at 1-800-798-8420 or click here to get started with 50% off your trial personal training session.

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The Slow Metabolism Myth- Understanding The Role Of Metabolism in Weight Gain

It is a disarmingly simple concept- some people are cursed with a naturally slow metabolism and gain weight in spite of how carefully they watch what they eat. On the other side of the spectrum, a fortunate few are blessed with fast metabolisms which allow them to eat any and everything without gaining weight. As a central aspect of the idea of genetic predispositions towards weight gain and obesity, the slow metabolism hypothesis has long been hailed as a common explanation as to why some individuals appear to gain weight no matter what they do. As popular an argument as this may be there is ample evidence to the contrary  (read my article on genetics and weight gain) and the rationale of genetically predetermined disorders can’t account for the prevalence of obesity throughout Westernized populations. Such notions nevertheless do increase the sales of many fitness related products while adding to the cacophony of misinformation regarding the role of our metabolism in losing and gaining weight. Unfortunately, an individual lacking in-depth knowledge of nutrition and physiology can’t necessarily see any distinctions between rational deductions from observable evidence and baseless speculation. Most of what passes for fitness related information today is either a form of entertainment or ideologically driven pseudoscience, propagated by those who stand to profit the most. The complex nature of how our body works is often dumbed down to simple concepts that people feel they can relate to easily. The idea of slow metabolisms being a widespread problem for millions of people and the cause of your own seemingly inexplicable weight gain is one that is delightful empowering as it lays the ‘blame’ for your extra pounds on your somewhat underperforming metabolism. This argument makes you feel better about yourself and more inclined to purchase products that purport to help you lose weight by speeding up your metabolism in one way or the other but this is hardly the case. The reality is that weight gain isn’t mysterious and slow metabolisms are hardly to blame.

What Does Metabolism Really Mean?

Metabolism is defined as the total sum of all the chemical reactions taking place in your body. Our metabolic processes fall into two categories, they are either anabolic- which refers to the action of building up, or catabolic- which refers to the mechanism of breaking down. A classic example of an anabolic process in our metabolism is muscle building, where as a response to the stress of exercise our body increases the amount of skeletal proteins. An increase that we externally observe as our muscles getting bigger and stronger (see my article on how muscles get bigger and stronger for a more detailed description). Catabolic metabolic processes are the exact opposite and a common example would be the breaking down of our foods to provide energy for the cells in our body and thus keep us alive. When we are healthy these processes occur in a state of equilibrium, a balance that is referred to as homeostasis.

There is one other important but somewhat complex concept to contend with in understanding metabolism and that is the first law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed and so conceptually in a fixed physiological system such as a living organism, total energy coming in must be the same as the total energy out, unless some of it is lost or stored. Energy coming into our body refers to the calories we obtain from food and drink. Energy going out refers not only to energy used in physical activity but also for the work performed by the cells in our body. Work in this context also applies to the biological work of repairing cells, and our body’s struggle to maintain homeostasis such as the constant regulation of body temperature. Even reading this article requires some element of biological work as your muscles contract to keep your eyes focused on the screen.

How We Measure Metabolism

The primary way that our body produces energy is through the combustion of carbohydrates and fats in the presence of oxygen. This function is called aerobic metabolism, and it leaves behind measurable byproducts in the form of carbon dioxide and water. That being the case we can roughly  estimate an individuals’ metabolism by measuring the amount of oxygen consumed and the volume of carbon dioxide produced. The process to measure metabolism is called indirect calorimetry. Calorimetry means the measuring of heat energy given out or taken in and the term ‘indirect’ is used since we can’t exactly measure the amount of carbon dioxide coming out of each cell in your body at any given time. We can however get an overall view of what’s going on by observing the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen from your lungs.

A device called a metabolic cart is used to measure these gases and it requires you to wear a mask very similar to what a scuba diver would wear, except it doesn’t provide air but rather records air coming from your lungs. From indirect calorimetry we can calculate your basal metabolic rate- which is the minimum metabolic rate your body requires to maintain your body weight and functions.[1] Many factors can affect your basal metabolic rate such as genetics, age, gender, hormones and most importantly for our purposes- diet and activity level. When the amount of food energy (calories) ingested is more than what your body uses then  there is a concurrent gain in body mass.[2] This gain in body mass is our body’s way of storing energy for a time when it isn’t readily available and the way it does so is in the form of fat tissue. Our ability to store considerable reserves of energy in the form of fat is one of the hold offs from our past, serving to help our ancestors of survive countless famines and the scarcity of food that has defined human life for the past several thousand years.

The Slow Metabolism Myth

Getting back to the idea of a slow metabolism, average metabolic rates for men are estimated to be about 1.0 kilocalories per hour per kilogram of bodyweight. Women usually have slightly slower metabolisms than men (and we will explain why) and their metabolic rates are usually about 0.9 kilocalories per hour per kilogram of bodyweight. It seems natural to think that someone who is overweight and has difficulty losing weight might have a slower pthan normal metabolism but contrary to popular opinion, someone who is obese would have a GREATER energy expenditure than someone who is thin.(3) The mechanics of it makes total sense as it takes more energy to maintain a larger body mass.[3] The bigger the organism the more energy is needed for homeostasis as someone weighing over 400lbs has far more biological and mechanical work to do than someone weighing 150lbs. So why do some people struggle with weight gain while others don’t? It must be emphasized that the causes of obesity are complex however differences in rates of metabolism are not valid explanations as to why it happens.

One key issue is our inherent difficulty in estimating exactly how much food we consume  during the course of a day- a challenge that studies have shown can be even harder for those who are overweight.[4] As much as we may think we know how much we eat on a regular basis, indirect calorimeter testing has shown time and time again that even the most conscientious among us tend consistently under-report our food intake. Compounding this issue is the unfortunate reality that it doesn’t take much for our body to gain weight. Our bodies have no way of knowing that food is available to many of us in developed countries to the point where we throw away billions of pounds of it every year. All our bodies know is that storing excess energy is critical for our survival as it is nevertheless designed to endure continued periods of low food supply. That being said we are all very much efficient at gaining weight and keeping it on and we do so with an ease that is hard for most to fathom. To put the average human’s weight gaining ability in perspective, a weight gain of 44 pounds over the course of ten years would only require you to eat 30-40 kilocalories more than your body needed everyday.[5] That’s all it would take. Not a ton of junk food nor hefty servings of high calorie food and drink. Just half of an apple, a plum, a cup of asparagus, 1/7 of a cup of rice, 1/3 of an ounce of cheese, or 2 fluid ounces of soda over your daily energy expenditure requirements would add over forty pounds in a decade if there was no change in energy requirements. A sobering thought, but one of the many reasons so many people gain weight. It really doesn’t take much at all for it to happen.

Slow Metabolism Versus Fast Metabolism Explored

A study presented at the 2008 annual Endocrine Society Conference in San Francisco further highlights the problems with the slow metabolism concept as it was demonstrated that obese people process food at exactly the same rates way thin people do when they are in a rigidly controlled environment. In a study conducted at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver, 26 naturally thin individuals with Body Mass Index (BMI) counts between 19 and 23 who considered themselves to have a fast metabolism were compared in a carefully monitored environment to 23 individuals with BMI’s of 23-27 who identified themselves and family members as ‘obesity prone’ to see if they could overeat and not gain weight since they appeared to have a naturally higher metabolic rate than those who had problems with weight gain.

In both groups metabolic rates were tested after the subjects ate a normal diet and again after three days of eating 40% more food than their individual energy requirements. All subjects underwent two one-week dietary study periods, with four days of a control diet followed by three days of either eating exactly the amount of calories for their calculated energy expenditure or overeating. Metabolic rates were tested using the indirect calorimetry method and all foods were carefully prepared and monitored following a standard of 20% protein, 30% fat and 50% carbohydrates. At the end of the study researchers found that both groups had higher metabolic rates at rest after overeating for three days compared to when they ate a normal diet but the increase was the same for both groups. Researchers had theorized that energy expenditure and fat oxidation would increase following overfeeding in the ‘fast metabolism’ group, which would explain the process protecting them from gaining weight, but this turned out not to be the case at all.

Difficulties in Estimating Food Intake As A Weight Gain Factor

These findings were consistent with what many other studies have found  time and time again, which is that some people have a hard time balancing their daily caloric intake with how it relates to their actual energy needs. Thin people don’t have faster metabolisms that somehow save and protect them from weight gain, and those with problems losing weight don’t have slow metabolisms. Over the past twenty years of my career as a personal trainer I have had very similar experiences. I started out being convinced that there were people who suffered from slower metabolisms and that they would gain weight easily while others (myself included) found it ridiculously hard to gain weight. As time went on my observations and personal experiences proved both concepts to be flawed as everyone who trained consistently and ate in accordance to their individually designed dietary plans were able to get into fantastic shape as long as they stuck to the program. It didn’t matter if they were overweight all their lives or if they were previously unable to lose weight, the only differences were that those who had more weight to lose took longer to get to a point where they had a high degree of definition as compared to those who started at a lower body fat percentage to begin with. On the other hand- everyone who had trouble gaining weight because they thought they had a ‘fast metabolism’ was able to gain significant amounts of muscle mass as long as they adhered to the diet prescribed for them and a training program designed to stimulate muscle growth.

I always believed that I had a fast metabolism as I was painfully thin for the earlier part of my life. I started weight training at 125 lbs at six feet even, but my metabolism had nothing to do with my ability to gain weight. As long as I ate in accordance with  the dietary plan designed to help me get bigger I gained weight. It took a lot longer for me to do so to the point where it would show but I was able to put on over a hundred pounds of lean muscle mass over the course of 17 years or so without the use of any drugs whatsoever. As for the protective aspect of a ‘fast metabolism’, in the days when I ate junk- I got fat like everyone else. Today I stay steady at 225lbs at about 6% body fat not because of a fast metabolism but because I am always on point with what I eat and my program of high intensity training. When I didn’t eat as well as I do now I tipped the scale at an ungodly 252 lbs looking nothing like how I do today. If I ‘relax’ my eating there isn’t a magic parachute waiting to protect me from getting fatter if I overeat and indulge in the wrong foods and the same applies to everyone else.

Beyond The Energy Balance Theories- How What You Eat Plays A Part In What You Weigh

As straightforward as this may sound it isn’t the end of the story, as weight gain is even more complex than simply saying that eating too many calories will make you gain weight. The laws of thermodynamics and the theory of energy expenditure versus energy requirements don’t completely explain why people keep gaining weight as the years go by. Given the energy balance principles there should be a finite point where weight gain reaches a plateau as energy demand rises with increases in body mass but this doesn’t happen at all as many continue to gain weight throughout the course of their lives.[7] Alternate and perhaps more accurate models take a look at the role of modern food ingredients as a reason some people keep accumulating those extra pounds. Fructose derived sweeteners (sucrose and high fructose corn syrup) can trigger increased fat tissue accumulation in addition to increasing appetite- a vicious cycle which usually leads to a decrease in activity.[7] This model for why we gain weight places emphasis more on what you eat in addition to how much you eat as the two seem to be very closely related.

In the end it is hard not to make simple cause and effect judgments. The slow/fast metabolism neatly explains everything and in many cases places an uncontrollable factor into the equation. One that can be easily blamed for the extra pounds around your waist, but this simply isn’t the case for the vast majority of individuals. Hormonal disorders and some medications seem to have a part in weight gain as well but in most instances it really comes down to an awareness of what you eat, how much of it you eat and how active you are to deal with the calories you are taking in.

Related Articles:

Why We Regain Weight- The Leptin Connection

Food And Self Control- How Do You Stop Cravings?

Obesity And Chronic Disease- Is It Genes Or Lifestyle?

References:

1. Kaiyala KJ, Ramsay DS: Direct animal calorimetry, the underused gold standard for quantifying the fire of life. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 25 April 2010

2. Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children

3. Kushner, Robert (2007). Treatment of the Obese Patient (Contemporary Endocrinology). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 158. ISBN 1-59745-400-1. Retrieved April 5, 2009.

4. Peter G. Kopelman, Ian D. Caterson, Michael J. Stock, William H. Dietz (2005). Clinical obesity in adults and children: In Adults and Children. Blackwell Publishing

5. Björntorp P. Obesity. Lancet 1997; 350: 423–6

6. Carlsson B, Lindell K, Gabrielsson B, et al. Obese (ob) gene defects are rare in human obesity. Obes Res 1997; 5: 30–5

7. Wells JC, Siervo M. Obesity and energy balance: is the tail wagging the dog? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011

Kevin Richardson is an award winning health and fitness writer, one of the most sought after personal trainers in New York City and creator of Naturally Intense High Intensity Training™. Get a copy of his free weight loss ebook here. If you live in the New York metropolitan area and need help losing weight or taking your body to the next level give Kevin and his team a call at 1-800-798-8420 or click here to get started with 50% off your trial personal training session.

Sign up for our Email Newsletter

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Post tags: body fat, diet tips, eating tips, fat loss, junk foods, metabolism, weight loss

A Comprehensive Guide To Eating Out & Staying In Shape- Restaurant Rules

Part 1 of 2

It used to be really simple. If you don’t want to gain weight and always eat healthy just cook all of your meals at home and don’t eat out at restaurants. It’s how I grew up back in the islands and it works- but as effective as it may be in terms of having complete control over what goes into your body, eating only home cooked meals simply isn’t always possible for everyone in today’s fast paced world. More and more people have little choice but to eat out on a regular basis as home cooked meals aren’t always practical if you are always on the run. Ask your grandparents and they’ll tell you that jobs today aren’t anything like what they were several decades ago. Our information intensive environments coupled with an ultra-competitive job market have made 40 hour weeks all but obsolete and it isn’t uncommon for many to have to endure 50-70 hour work weeks to get by. Such arduous hours make it impractical if not impossible for many to find the time or the energy to cook everything they need for the coming week. For others, eating out is an integral part of their job description if not a regular event that is part of their office culture, needless to say, while eating only home cooked meals may be the easiest way to stay in shape- it is very much possible to eat out and keep the pounds off as well. It takes some doing but it isn’t impossible.

I, for one, eat out on a pretty regular basis, so much so that I’ve been a Zagat reviewer for the past ten years or so, here in New York City and not in any way does it force me to make compromises in terms of consistently eating well. That being said, you do have to be knowledgeable of what you can and cannot eat on the restaurant menu and you can’t expect to find something wholesome at a fast food chain. Too often, health fanatics isolate themselves from their friends and family by not going out to eat and in so doing they miss the opportunity to partake in one of the most ancient of human social activities- which is in sharing a meal. It doesn’t have to be that way and it shouldn’t be. Being healthy isn’t about living a Spartan and hermetic existence- it’s about balance, and when done judiciously, eating out can easily find a place in a healthy lifestyle. In part one of the Eating Out Guide, I will do my best to outline some of the basics  to keep in mind when eating out in general and in part two I will cover in detail the food selections available to you and what you should avoid in over a dozen different popular cuisines. Thanks for reading and I hope this guide not only encourages you to eat out at good restaurants but also helps you keep your waistline trim at the same time.

The Psychology of Eating Out & Staying In Shape

The Rules

1. Don’t be negative-  If you think that there’s nothing healthy to eat- you won’t find anything healthy to eat.
2. Your parents aren’t watching- Just because it’s on your plate doesn’t mean that you have to eat it
3. You are the boss so don’t be afraid to ask for what you want the way you want it.

Rule 1. There is always something you can eat if you are at a good restaurant

One of the biggest mistakes when you are eating out is to think that you don’t have any healthy choices. Such a predisposition only makes it more likely that you will indeed eat eat junk food and is one of the reasons people blow their diet when eating out or ordering in. In Ninjutsu, the martial tradition that I have taught and studied for the past few decades,  there is a sub-discipline called tonpo- the art of escape. You may wonder what the art of escape has to do with eating out, but the fundamental precept of tonpo is that if you believe there is no way out then it is unlikely that you will ever find one. However if you see things for what they are without a prejudiced point of view and remain alert, you will find that there is almost always a way out. With regards to eating out, if you go to a restaurant and resign yourself to eating poorly then that’s exactly what you’ll do. You’ll only see the poor choices on the menu and won’t have the perspective of trying to make the best of the choices before you. If you are always  positive that there must must be something healthy on the menu then you’ll most likely find it and make wiser choices. Keep in mind that these precepts won’t always work in a dive or fast food restaurant and it’s another reason why you should always eat or order in from quality establishments. It costs a bit more but you are more than worth it.

Rule 2. Just because it’s on your plate doesn’t mean you have to eat it.

When we were children most of us were taught to always finish what was on your plate. Growing up it was often painful to be confronted with something I didn’t like as I knew that if it was on my plate I had to eat it. While this is great principle to teach kids the value of food and not to be wasteful, it can cause more problems than it solves when we are adults as it can encourage us to overeat. Especially given the over-sized portions served at many restaurants here in the United States. Compounding the ingrained traits of always eating what’s on your plate is the conviction that you’re not getting the most for your money if you don’t eat your money’s worth of food. It might be good economics- but good economics is actually one of the reasons our nation faces obesity problems in the first place (read my article on the Economics of Obesity here). These ways of thinking do little to promote healthy eating habits and hinders you from making sensible judgements about what goes into your body and encourages a very negative way of looking at food. Such points of view create great consumers but fall far short of creating healthy individuals.

It can be hard to not eat everything and not feel wasteful, but a different point of view can make all the difference. If I’m at a restaurant and an order of mashed potatoes automatically comes with my main course, I look at it from the point of view that I only paid for the main course and not the  included mashed potatoes. From my perspective the extras are thrown in for free and I am always very firm about asking that any extras that I will not eat stay in the kitchen and not on my plate. By focusing only on what I ordered and not having the included side dishes on my plate makes much easier to not give in and something out a misplaced sense of obligation. Sometimes the side dish is already on your plate, in which case you just have to keep your goals in perspective. You can get some practical tips on avoiding the temptation of food right in front of you in my article on avoiding temptation here.

Rule 3. Remember that at a restaurant that you are the boss.

When was the last time you were at work and your boss asked you to do a project a particular way but you chose to do it your way instead and he or she was perfectly fine with it? Doesn’t happen too often in the real world, does it? And the same applies to the restaurant staff when you are eating out. When you order at restaurant of any kind- you are the boss. Not the waiter and not the chef, just you. That being said you shouldn’t be afraid of hurting anyone’s feelings since it’s their job to see to it that you get what you want. That’s the contract between a customer and any reputable restaurant, when you want something cooked a certain way you should be able to get it prepared just the way you want it. This is another reasons I advocate restaurants over fast food chains. In a real restaurant your preferences are far more likely to be accommodated. You can’t ask for your hamburger without salt or additives at McDonald’s nor should you expect such levels of service at as such establishments. It’s very much take it or leave it and my advice would be to always leave it and eat somewhere else. You aren’t the boss and so it is always worth the extra money it costs to eat at a better place.

Click here for part two of our Eating Out Guide as we cover over a dozen different cuisines and what you need to know to make the best food choices when ordering them:

Eating Out & Staying Healthy- A Restaurant Guide by Cuisine

Kevin Richardson is one of the most sought after personal trainers in New York City and the creator of Naturally Intense High Intensity Training™. Get a copy of his free weight loss ebook here. If you live in the New York metropolitan area and need help losing weight or taking your body to the next level give Kevin and his team a call at 1-800-798-8420 or click here to get started with 50% off your trial personal training session.

Sign up for our Email Newsletter

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Post tags: diet, diet tips, eating tips, fast foods, fat loss, health tips, healthy eating, healthy restaurants, junk foods, restaurants, weight loss

The Scientific Argument Against Blood Type Diets

Blood type diets have been in vogue for several years now and have generated significant incomes for many a ‘nutritionist’. The founder, Dr. Peter D’Adamo proposed that blood type is directly related to how our bodies react to certain foods, and that you should eat a diet specific to your blood type for optimum health and weight maintenance. There are a slew of celebrities who swear by it along with many big names in the nutrition field. As popular as it may be, the blood type diet, like so many others lack any credible foundation in scientific fact. Science is often absent in almost all the literature promoting diets and nutrition, and one of the greatest downfalls of our time is that it has become very difficult for the average person to differentiate between scientific facts and product promotion. However, by understanding the science of how our different blood types came to be, you can’t help but be amazed at how misleading and how ridiculous the idea of eating for your blood type really is.

The premise of blood type diets is that blood types somehow evolved as we did as a species. The theory, put forward by Dr. D’Adamo and bold type proponents is that the universal blood Type O evolved first, due to our hunter gatherer lifestyle. As such, individuals with this blood type should gravitate towards eating a high protein, Paleolithic type diet. As time went on, (around 15,000′s BC), Blood Type A came into being, as man switched from being a hunter gatherer to a more agricultural lifestyle. As such people with Type A blood should eat a primarily vegetarian diet. Blood Type B supposedly came into existence at 10,000 BC, when somehow some groups of humans suddenly became nomadic and were eating a diet of grains. Finally, within the past thousand years, Type AB surfaced from people who ate a wide variety of food. According to blood type diet advocates, there is research showing that a specific set of proteins called lectins interact with the different ABO blood types. The theory goes on to say that this research has found that these lectins can be incompatible and even harmful with some blood types so people with different blood types should eat different foods.

Fact: Blood Types Evolved Before Humans Did

Sounds pretty scientific, but only if you don’t have an understanding of biology. It is an accepted fact that polymorphism, (the different ABO Blood Types) which was  discovered and categorized by Karl Landsteiner in 1900,  occurred millions of years ago, not thousands of years ago. This isn’t an esoteric piece of information as the evolution of human blood types has always been a cornerstone of scientific research into our ancestral origins.  One of the problems with science is that many find the terminology a bit intimidating, but I can assure you that it isn’t as complicated as it seems, and taking the time to keep abreast with findings in science make it really hard for you to fall for the pseudoscience found in so many pieces of advertising. Here is a breakdown of how blood types evolved:

The type of blood a person has is determined by alleles at a single locus at chromosome 9.[1] These alleles encode for different amino acids called glycotransferases.

In blood type A, cytosine at nucleotide site 793 translates to leucine 265 and guanine at nucleotide site 800 translates to glycine 267.

In order blood type B, the cytosine at 793 translates to methionone 265 and the guanine at 800 to alanine 267.[1]

Blood type AB occurs when both changes occur.

Blood type O is caused when an inactive or nonfunctional protein is coded.

Studies have shown that polymorphism exists in other primates as well as all anthropoid primates. [2]Given the similarities found between human blood and that of several primates, scientists are able to use what they know based on the average mutation rate that must have occurred for there to be a divergence of A and B blood types. Using those estimates, some scientists conclude that A and B types diverged at least 13 million years ago[3]. These findings completely contradict the blood type diet conjecture about blood types being fairly recent occurrences, as polymorphism seems to have occurred at least eight million years before the first ape-like man even began walking on two legs. Other studies estimate that the blood groups would have diverged 4.5 to 6 million years ago, but in spite of the differences in estimation all accounts point to polymorphism being an occurrence that predates modern man.

From these findings there is evidence that A and B may have been the original blood types and not Type O as the blood type theory claims. Type O seems to represent an abnormal mutation as a result of a defective gene as normal genes such as A and B cannot evolve from abnormal ones.[4,5,6,7,8, 9, 10, 11] Although the O blood type is common in all populations around the world [12], there is no evidence that the O gene represents the ancestral gene at the ABO locus. Nor is it reasonable to suppose that a defective gene would arise spontaneously and then evolve into normal genes.

Fact: Bacteria & Viruses Account For Differences In Blood Types In Different Populations- Not Food

Another flaw in the blood type diet theory is the idea that specific foods are responsible for our blood type variations when diversity of blood types among specific populations can be traced to an evolutionary defense against bacteria and viruses. People have either blood group A, B, AB, or O, with each type occurring at different frequencies in populations around the world. Robert Seymour and his colleagues at University College in London used mathematical models to show that this diversity is caused by natural selection pressures imposed on human populations by viral and bacterial infections [13] and not from the foods they eat.Their model reveals that if viral infections dominate a population, blood type O will be most common, whereas if bacterial infections are more common, then A and B blood types will be more frequent. Food differences have nothing to do with it.

Fact: Race Has Nothing To Do With Blood Type Or The Foods You Should Eat To Stay Healthy

That race has anything to do with blood type or what foods we eat is not an idea supported by human biology. Race in and of itself is not a biological reality. A race is a biological subspecies or variety of a species, consisting of a more or less distinct population with anatomical traits that distinguish it clearly from other races. This biological definition does not line up with human genetic variation as humans are extremely homogenous. In fact every one of us is 99.9% genetically identical, with most of the differences stemming from gender and individual personality traits. Such homogeneity is not commonplace among other animals, even among some of our closest biological relatives; chimpanzees have 2-3 times more genetic variation than humans, while orangutans have 8-10 times more variation.

Fact: Avoiding Modern Refined Foods, Eating Moderately & Exercising Help Everyone Get Into Better Shape- Regardless of Blood Type

In twenty years of working with people from all over the world I have found that there are very few differences in the dietary practices required to help someone lose weight or get into great shape. Differences abound in terms of preferences, which is completely cultural influences and occasionally due to certain allergies. True some populations can tolerate certain foods better than others, but at the end of the day anyone following a diet comprised of only naturally occurring foods in amounts proportional to their activity level can lose weight and get into fantastic shape if they eat and exercise consistently. There is no gimmickry, nor any instant solutions with diets that try to make things more complicated than nature intended, as change takes time, but for that to happen, we have to have faith. Not in blood type diets, Dr.D’Adamo’s or Dr. Atkins, instead we have to learn to have faith in ourselves.

Kevin Richardson is an award winning health and fitness writer, one of the most sought after New York City personal trainers, and creator of Naturally Intense High Intensity Training. Get a copy of his gimmick free weight loss ebook on losing weight here. If you live in the New York City area and need help losing weight or getting into shape give Kevin and his team a call at 1-800-798-8420.

References:

1. Martinko, J. M., V. Vincek, D. Klien and J. Klien. 1993.Primate ABO glycosyltransferases: evidence for trans-species evolution. Immunogenetics

2. Jared Diamond: Guns Germs & Steel (1997)

3. Martin RD. 1990. Primate origins and evolution: a phylogenetic reconstruction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UniversityPress. McClintock T..

4. Yamamoto F, Clausen H, White T, Marken J, Hakomori S. Molecular genetic basis of the histo-blood group ABO system. Nature 1990;345:229-233.

5. Yamamoto F, McNeill PD, Yamamoto M, Hakomori S, Bromilow IM, Duguid JKM. Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system: 4. Another type of O allele. Vox Sang 1993;64:175-178.

6. Grunnet N, Steffensen R, Bennett EP et al. Evaluation of histo-blood group ABO genotyping in a Danish population: frequency of a novel O allele defined as O2. Vox Sang 1994;67:210-5.

7. Olsson ML, Chester A. Frequent occurrence of a variant O1 gene at the blood group ABO locus. Vox Sang 1996;70:26-30.

8. Mattos LC, Sanchez FE, Cintra JR et al. Genotipagem do locus ABO (9q34.1) em doadores de sangue da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2001;23(1):15-22.

9. Olsson ML, Chester A. Frequent occurrence of a variant O1 gene at the blood group ABO locus. Vox Sang 1996;70:26-30.

10. Yamamoto F, McNeill PD, Yamamoto M, Hakomori S, Bromilow IM, Duguid JKM. Molecular genetic analysis of the ABO blood group system: 4. Another type of O allele. Vox Sang 1993;64:175-178.

11. Grunnet N, Steffensen R, Bennett EP et al. Evaluation of histo-blood group ABO genotyping in a Danish population: frequency of a novel O allele defined as O2. Vox Sang 1994;67:210-5.

12.  Mourant AE, Kopec AC, Domaniewska-Sobczak K. The distribution of the human blood groups and others polymorphisms. London: Oxford University Press, 1976. 140p.

13. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2004.2674). – The New Scientist

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The Placebo Effect On Weight Loss And Sports Performance

My fascination with the placebo effect began many years ago in a small but serious gym in Trinidad. Back home, steroids were very much a part of the weightlifting and bodybuilding culture. Everyone knew where you could get it and who you could get it from, but dealers were very discriminating in who they would or would not sell their wares to. One day, about two or three months from our Carnival, one of the young guys at the gym (who we will call Greg) decided that he was going to use steroids to get in shape for the coming festivities. He was not particularly liked and all of the steroid dealers had refused to sell to him at one time or another. He was however, annoyingly persistent, and so, partly to shut him up and partly because they didn’t really like him very much, they conspired to give him fake drugs. Thinking that it would be worth a laugh, they agreed to give him an injection of what they told him was testosterone propionate every week for two months. I can hardly express how happy he was. He was so looking forward to starting his cycle, and while I was appalled that they would play such a cruel trick on him, for purposes of self preservation (I wasn’t big and muscled back then) I held my tongue.

Dutifully every week, Greg and the guys would assemble in the men’s locker room to administer his shot. It was always an event, with most of them bursting at the seams trying hard not to laugh as he was injected with diluted vegetable oil and (hopefully) sterilized water. The joke, turned out to be on them. In spite of the fact that Greg was receiving a weekly dose of watered down vegetable oil, he put on a solid fifteen pounds of muscle in the course of two months, and when from being able to squat 225 lbs for six repetitions to 315 lbs for 12 repetitions. The weight on all of his lifts when up and not only did he get bigger, leaner and stronger, but he also developed an acne problem. A tell tale sign of steroid use! Utterly perplexed, the guys at the gym couldn’t understand what was happening. They eventually came clean and gave him his money back, flabbergasted and apologetic for having pulled a prank that didn’t pan out as expected, but Greg would not have it! He firmly believed that they were simply envious of his remarkable gains, how else could he have done what he did? The answer has fascinated me for decades and I have seen the astounding effects that placebos can have. Yet, aside from using it to sell supplements, snake oil and even pharmaceutical drugs, it isn’t studied as much as it should be.

What Is A Placebo?

A placebo as applied by medical science is defined as a preparation which is pharmacologically inert (such as a sugar pill) but which appears to have a therapeutic effect based solely on the power of suggestion.[1] In a medical setting, the placebo effect occurs when a patient or individual takes an inert substance, with some degree of suggestion either from a person or institution of authority, or from information about the pill that states that the pill will have a positive effect in the individual’s healing process and there is an improvement in their condition. Credible studies proving the placebo effect have been around since the late 1930’s, and yet it is largely ignored by the public. It is so powerful that the FDA requires it as a part of all drug trials and physicians regularly use it today as part of standard treatment. Almost 50% of the doctors polled in a 2007 survey admitted to prescribing medications that they knew were ineffective for their patients’ conditions or in doses too low to produce any possible therapeutic benefit but to provoke a placebo response.[2] It is disheartening that rather than viewing our innate ability to positively influence medical outcomes and changes in our bodies solely from suggestion as a positive aspect, most ignore it or see it as some sort of trickery. In so doing, many miss the wondrous potential locked within us all.

The More You Spend On A Placebo Product- The Better It Works

From a marketing perspective, this view is encouraged, as it puts the emphasis back on creating the need for a drug, pill or powder for everything from the common cold to weight loss.  The power of placebos is quite well known among makers of questionable products like supplements and even some pharmaceutical drugs.  A study published in the Journal of American Medicine, showed that the placebo effect was indeed directly proportional to the amount of money spent on the placebo. For the test, the subjects were given a serie of painful electric shocks. Participants were then asked to rate the pain they felt after each shock. They were then given a placebo pill that they were told had properties similar to codeine, a powerful pain medication. The pill given was completely inert and half of the patients were told that their treatment cost $2.50 per pill. The other half was told that their pills had been purchased at a discounted price of ten cents per pill. When they were then given a second series of electric shocks, and asked to rate the pain, 85% of the patients taking the $2.50 pill reported that the second set of shocks were less painful. In contrast only 61 % of those taking the ten cent pill said the shocks were less painful. The conclusion was unmistakable: the more expensive the pill, it seems, the larger the perceived effect — even when the pill clearly actually has no effect whatsoever.

There are other social factors involved in the efficacy of the placebo effect. Over the years, it has been shown that the placebo effect is in fact getting stronger and that it differs greatly from culture to culture.[3] One reason why the placebo effect continues to grow could be the omnipresence of marketing for both pharmaceutical drugs and pseudoscience products here in the United States. Since 1997 when the FDA lifted its restriction on direct-to-consumer advertising, we have been deluged by ads promoting the effectiveness of numerous pharmaceutical drugs. Ads designed in part to increase the placebo response of the drugs themselves and in some cases the marketing has backfired. So strong has the placebo response become for some popular antidepressants and statin drugs,  that if they were tested today against inert substances they wouldn’t pass the FDA requirements for working better than a placebo.[2] To counter this, many companies have moved their test trials to other countries with lower placebo responses to get their drugs approved.

How The Placebo Effect Can Make It Seem Like Everything Works For Weight Loss

For vitamin, herb and supplement manufacturers, this created a goldmine of opportunities. With the right pricing, the right athletes or celebrity endorsements and the right advertising campaign, they could make outlandish claims about their products and always find an audience who would swear that their products work. Thanks to the placebo effect. Over the years, everything from boron to bee pollen has been marketed to improve muscle building and fat loss. Each time a new product is released, there are those who swear by the results they see. Even though, as time goes on, the products are shown to be completely ineffective. Back in the 90’s, as an impressionable teenager, I used everything from Mexican sarsaparilla to linseed in the quest to get bigger and stronger without resorting to anabolic steroids or prohormones.

As ineffective as they were all shown to be when everyone else was using it, we all felt that we saw some results.

In my personal training practice, I have seen the placebo effect as a powerful psychological tool for weight loss. I have always maintained a strict no supplement or fat loss supplement policy with my clients as they either don’t work or are potentially harmful. However, a number of bodybuilders and fitness models who I worked with in preparation for competitions or high end photo shoots, would complain that other athletes had an edge over them since they were using fat burners. To counter this, I would find a fat burning product with the least harmful looking ingredients (which wasn’t easy) and tell them that while I did not recommend it, if they had to take anything they could take 1/9 the dosage prescribed on the bottle to help them lose body fat. In every case, they felt better and claimed the supplement helped them lose more body fat. After the contest or photo shoot, I would inform them that not only the supplements they used were worthless in terms of fat burning, but that even if it could work the dose was far too low for them to experience any significant effect. All the positive results came from their training and dedication to their diets. The best part of my little trick is that for all other shows or shoots in the future, they never felt like they needed anything else to help them get into shape as they understood that the power always came from within.

References:

1. Gensini GF, Conti AA, Conti A (April 2005). “Past and present of what will please the lord: an updated history of the concept of placebo”. Minerva Med 96

2. Silverman S. The Placebo Problem. Wired

3. Moerman DE (2000). “Cultural variations in the placebo effect: ulcers, anxiety, and blood pressure”. Med Anthropol Q

Kevin Richardson is one of the most sought after NYC personal trainers and creator of Naturally Intense™ High Intensity Training. Get a copy of his free weight loss ebook here.

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Post tags: fat loss, placebo, supplements

Why We Regain Weight And How To Stop It- The Leptin Connection

Losing weight is easy- most of us have done it several times over the course of our lives. The problem is that after faithfully following a regime of diet and exercise, something happens.  A shift occurs. Not all at once, but subtly. You find yourself after weeks or perhaps even months of dedication, slipping back into the old unhealthy eating habits. Foods that you religiously avoided suddenly seem to regain their appeal. A hole opens up in your stomach that begs to be filled and your appetite once again becomes a raging and uncontrollable beast! Fast forward several weeks and you’ve regained the weight that you worked so hard to lose. What gives us cause for alarm is that this Sisyphean tale isn’t an extraordinary case- it is the plight that most people face when trying to lose weight. Today, weight loss has become almost a national preoccupation as we spend billions of dollars in the quest to lose weight and not regain it. In spite of the fact that more people are trying to lose weight ( more than at any time in our history) the average American’s BMI has increased steadily over the past 20 years. [1,2] In fact studies have found that the more we diet, the more likely we are to regain weight in the future. [4, 5] That being said, why is keeping the weight off so hard?  How can we stop this seemingly never ending cycle of losing weight and regaining it? The answer may lies in understanding a hormone called leptin.

Why We Regain Weight- The Leptin Connection

Leptin, (coming from the Greek word, leptos which means ‘thin’) is an important hormone responsible for regulating our caloric intake, metabolism and appetite and is one of the most important hormones produced by adipose (fat) tissue. [6] Leptin sends information about our food intake to key regulatory centers in our brain called hypothalamus.

Studies have found that increased body fat is associated with increased levels of leptin, which then acts to reduce our food intake by killing our appetite so we don’t get too fat. Unfortunately,  although it works as a signal to reduce appetite, most obese individuals have an unusually high circulating concentration of leptin.[6] These people are said to be leptin resistant  in very much the same way people with adult onset (type 2) diabetes are resistant to the effects of insulin. The high concentrations of leptin from high levels of fat tissue seems to result in leptin desensitization thus people with high fat levels don’t always feel sated after eating and will tend to overeat. There are many theories as to why this occurs- some studies have found connections to high fructose corn syrup. [6,7,8,9] but there are several questions yet unanswered.

While we understand how leptin resistance can make us overeat,  what most fail to realize is that leptin can also sabotage our attempts to lose weight as well. Any decrease in body fat will, as a rule, lead to a decrease in circulating leptin levels, which stimulates food intake and reduces energy expenditure. [10] Our urges to eat are enormously complex, and don’t only fall within the realm of hormones.  There are also sizeable social, behavioral and sensory components to our eating habits that make it intrinsically difficult to change our eating habits in the first place. Add to this, the unconscious urges to eat brought on by leptin and other hormones and you have a recipe for throwing diet to the wind after losing a certain amount of weight.

Why We Regain Weight- The Role Of Hormones On Our Unconscious Urges

Yes, we have the ability to control our eating- and there are many tried and true techniques we can use to distract ourselves- but outside of these methods, most find themselves utterly lost when it comes to self control in the face of long term dieting. From my own experience devouring pizzas (meaning more than one at a sitting) and donuts in the double digits after having reduced my body fat levels to under 4% back in my natural bodybuilding days, I can personally attest to how powerful hormones can be in forcing you to overeat when your body fat levels drop! It isn’t about willpower at that point- the drives are far too primal in nature to be ignored when your fat levels are so low.

Why can’t we always stop ourselves in the face of such urges? Why is motivation almost useless at these times? Feeling hungry is an intense experience. One that seems to turn off the light switch for rational thinking. The more weight you lose, the greater the hunger you will feel, growing more and more in intensity as you lose more and more weight until your conscious desire to lose weight is simply overwhelmed by the primal desire to eat. The basic drive to eat, while not as powerful as our need to breathe, is very similar in that no matter how hard we try to suppress it, in the end our unconscious inevitably wins. Try telling yourself, for example, to hold your breath. You can, using the force of sheer willpower hold your breath for a minute or two, but as time goes in, the need to breathe will always overcome your will to hold your breath and you will exhale. The same plight awaits those who use conventional means of dieting. It isn’t that the overweight among us don’t want to look and feel better by losing weight, but in the process of losing weight, most are doomed to eventually give in to the compulsion to eat everything in sight. A sobering thought, but is there a way around this, or are we hardwired to be fat no matter how hard we try? The answer thankfully, is yes, but it isn’t easy.

Why We Regain Weight- The Need For Building Muscle & Not Following A Fixed Diet

One of the most important aspects of any diet and exercise program has to be an emphasis on muscle building. Its importance comes from the fact that, no matter how hard you try, you will want to eat more as you lose more and more body fat and the more muscle you have- the more you can eat and still keep losing weight! At 6 feet tall, 225 lbs and just about 5-6% body fat, I need a staggering 6 to as many as 7 meals a day to keep from consuming any small land animals that venture in my path. Muscle requires energy to be built and maintained and so, by following a program of high intensity weight training focused on building lean muscle mass, you can offset the reduction in energy expenditure that comes with losing weight and be able to eat more as you may need more calories than you did before you lost weight in the first place! A perfect fix- but not without some key interventions. Your diet has to be regulated and changed as your nutritional and caloric needs change with the reduction in body fat and the increase of activity and muscle mass. If you find yourself feeling really hungry, your diet has to be carefully adjusted to increase your macronutrient intake so that you are not starving at the end of the day when we are most susceptible to food cravings.

This method has been proven over decades to help bodybuilders to fitness models in the know, get lean and stay lean all year round and it isn’t terribly complicated. It can be done on your own, but most need professional help with creating and regulating their dietary intake- as it isn’t a one size fits all situation, and some instruction is usually required in terms of the appropriate exercise intensity that will stimulate muscle growth. The end result of this process are the very stars and fit bodies that we see gracing the covers of magazines, and not the unsightly and over muscled image that most associate with muscle building. This negative image, reinforced by millions of steroid users, is the major reason why weight training is less in vogue and why many shy away from it in favor of aerobic exercise and conventional dieting that almost always ends in failure. The muscle minded fitness boom of the 1980’s saw many people embrace the benefits of weight training as an effective form of permanent weight loss, but the competitive and often drug induced extreme aspects saw to it that it fell very much out of fashion with the general public. High intensity weight training isn’t easy- nor is it as do-it-yourself as hopping on an exercise machine or taking a class and it does require some knowledge in nutrition to make it work – but in my experience it is the only way I have seen anyone who was obese get a six pack and keep it. The focus on self reliance and individuality  as opposed  to a one-size-fits-all approach makes it difficult for the weight loss industry to cash in on it- but it is an important method that needs to be studied and implemented more, as conventional approaches as so many of us know, ultimately fail.

References

1. Flegal KM, Caroll MD, Ogden CL, Johnson CL. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000. JAMA

2. Ogden CL, Flegal KM, Caroll MD, Johnson CL, Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 199-2000. JAMA

3. Korkeila M, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, et al. Weight-loss attempts and risk of major weight gain: a prospective study in Finnish adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

4. Gasser GA. Big fat lies: the truth about your weight and your health. Carlsbad: Gurze Books

5. Korkeila M, Rissanen A, Kaprio J, et al. Weight-loss attempts and risk of major weight gain: a prospective study in Finnish adults.

6. “Fructose Sets Table For Weight Gain Without Warning”. Science News. Science Daily.

7. Vasselli JR (November 2008). “Fructose-induced leptin resistance: discovery of an unsuspected form of the phenomenon and its significance. Focus on “Fructose-induced leptin resistance exacerbates weight gain in response to subsequent high-fat feeding,” by Shapiro et al.”. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.

8. Shapiro A, Mu W, Roncal C, Cheng KY, Johnson RJ, Scarpace PJ (November 2008). “Fructose-induced leptin resistance exacerbates weight gain in response to subsequent high-fat feeding”. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.

9. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriauciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR, Ohannesian JP, Marco CC, McKee LJ & Bauer TL (1996). “Serum Immunoreactive-Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Humans”. N Engl J Med

10. Friedman JM. War on Obesity- Not the Obese. Science

Kevin Richardson is one of the most sought after NYC personal trainers and creator of Naturally Intense™ High Intensity Training. Get a copy of his free weight loss ebook here. If you live in the New York City area and need help losing weight or getting into shape give Kevin and his team a call at 1-800-798-8420.

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Post tags: body fat, diet tips, eating tips, exercise, fat loss, healthy eating, high intensity training, junk foods, weight gain, weight loss, weight training

Sweating Has Nothing to Do With Losing Fat

His nickname was Stinky- so named, as one might rightly imagine, for the unmistakable musk that trailed behind him whenever he walked into the gym back home in Trinidad. He probably didn’t have a body odor problem under normal circumstances, but stinky was a true believer in the magical powers of sweating for burning fat and losing weight. Clad in two layers of gym attire, gracefully topped by a garbage bag, he would enter the gym already drenched (and ripe), and hop onto the treadmill for an hour or more of cardio. The average temperature back home was already 85-90 degrees Fahrenheit, and the air conditioning systems at the gym where I first trained didn’t do much save to reduce the humidity a bit. Needless to say, one day Stinky, soaked to the bone with sweat, collapsed during one of his aerobic perspiration marathons. When we got to him, he was severely feverish and a bit delirious, and we had to tear off his many layers of clothes and garbage bags and try to make him drink as much as possible while cooling him off. He ended up in the back of an ambulance bound for the general hospital. An extreme case- yes, but a useful example of how important many think sweating is for overall fat loss. A dangerous, and misguided idea that can do you more harm than good, not to mention, distract you from what you really need to be doing to lose fat.

Sweating Won’t Help You Burn Fat

Sweating has absolutely nothing to do with fat burning, and there is no relationship between how much you sweat and how much fat you burn. If sweating meant losing fat, we wouldn’t have a growing obesity problem here in the United States, as every summer everyone would just sweat off the extra pounds! There wouldn’t be anyone overweight living near the equator- I have lived there and trust me that really isn’t the case! Sweat- or perspiration if you want to be a bit more technical, occurs when our body excretes water and dissolved salts from our sweat glands along with a small amount of urea.[1] Sweating is the way in which our bodies regulate our body temperature so we don’t overheat as the evaporation of sweat from the skin’s surface has a significant cooling effect on the body.

During exercise, when your muscles heat up from exertion, you will tend to sweat more, however the amount of sweat has nothing to do with how much fat you burn, or how effective your workout was. The oft heard post workout expression, “I had a good sweat” only means that your body did what it was designed to do while you were exercising and not much more. Some people naturally seem to sweat less than others while training, but this is not always an indication of how hard they were training. A study conducted at Osaka International and Kobe Universities, in Japan, found that men being perspiring faster than women and tend to sweat twice as much as women do while exercising [2] but that has no bearing on fat loss or levels of exercise intensity.

Where Did The Myth Of Sweating To Burn Fat Come From?

Every myth has its origins, and the myth that sweating helps you burn fat is no different. The problem stems primarily from observations of athletes in sports with standardized weight classes. A boxer or wrestler, for example, knows that they will be most successful if they compete on the upper side of their weight class limit as opposed to the lower limit. For obvious reasons, you would rather be in a ring weighing as much as you could and the same logic applies to bodybuilding and physique contests as well. Thus, a major part of preparation for a fight, or contest is ‘making weight’ or “getting down to fighting weight’. The goal being to fall right on the upper limit of your weight class when you are weighed before the event. To get to their desired weight, athletes often spend hours in saunas and steam rooms or try to sweat out extra pounds by running or doing aerobic exercises while wearing layers upon layers of clothing. The human body is composed of almost 75% water, so it makes sense if you need to shed a few pounds to try and sweat as much as possible- but you are only losing fluids-not fat.

The downside is that very often athletes suffer hyperthermia- heat exhaustion or heat stroke; when the body produces more heat than it can dissipate and our heat regulating sweat mechanisms are overwhelmed by the amount of heat generated. [3] By exposing yourself to high temperatures for prolonged periods of time in steam rooms, you can suffer heat stroke. Also, by wearing too many layers while exercising, or wearing plastic type materials that interfere with the water evaporation process that cools us down, you run a real risk of ending up in an emergency room.

These quick fix techniques, alone or combined with a restriction in water intake, can adversely affect your heart, nervous system, heat regulation, kidney function, electrolyte balance, body composition, and muscular endurance and strength. [4,5,6] Sadly,  many athletes- boxers, collegiate wrestlers and bodybuilders have died as a result. The general impression, however, from seeing these athletes, is that they are able to drop 10 pounds easily in a couple of days and look pretty darned good in the process. Thus began the erroneous idea that if you want to lose weight and get into shape, you should try to sweat as much as possible the way athletes do. Many miss the point that any weight loss is temporary- athletes regain the weight after drinking a few glasses of water, and that no extra fat is lost in the process.

Sweating Doesn’t Burn Fat- So What Does?

So we have firmly established that sweating is a localized phenomenon that doesn’t increase your metabolism or help you do anything but cool down and lose water, but what can you do to lose fat? There are no secrets. Consistency in diet and exercise, with a strong emphasis on diet. Aerobic exercise, while noted for being a great way to work up a sweat, does have its benefits, but it isn’t going to sculpt your body into a work of art. For that, you need weight training of sufficient intensity while eating the foods that you need and avoiding the ones that you don’t. How wet you are after training really isn’t part of the equation at all, so don’t sweat it!

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References:

1        Mosher HH (1933). “Simultaneous Study of Constituents of Urine and Perspiration”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 99: 781–790.

2        “Women outshine men in sweat test”. Sydney Morning Hearld. 9 October 2010. http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/lifematters/women-outshine-men-in-sweat-test-20101008-16c0c.html. Retrieved 21 October 2010.

3        Elert, Glenn (2005). “Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature)”. The Physics Factbook. http://hypertextbook.com/facts/LenaWong.shtml. Retrieved 2007-08-22.

4        Horswill CA. Applied physiology of amateur wrestling. Sports Med 1992;14:114-43.

5        Scott JR, Horswill CA, Dick RW. Acute weight gain in collegiate wrestlers following a tournament weigh-in. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994;26:1181-5.

6        Steen SN, Brownell KD. Patterns of weight loss and regain in wrestlers: has the tradition changed? Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990;22:762-8.

7        Sawka MN, Young AJ, Francesconi RP, Muza SR, Pandolf KB. Thermoregulatory and blood responses during exercise at graded hypohydration levels. J Appl Physiol 1985;59:1394-401.

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